Introduction
The key to successful indoor cannabis cultivation
is to understand how cannabis produces
food and grows. Cannabis, whether cultivated
indoors or out, has the same requirements for
growth. It needs light, air, water, nutrients, a
growing medium, and heat to manufacture food
and to grow. Without any one of these essentials,
growth stops and death soon results.
Indoors, the light must be of the proper spectrum
and intensity; air must be warm, arid, and
rich in carbon dioxide; water must be abundant
but not excessive, and the growing medium
must contain the proper levels of nutrients for
vigorous growth. When all these needs are met
consistently at optimum levels, optimum growth
is the result.
Cannabis is normally grown as an annual
plant, completing its life cycle within one year. A
Strong healthy ‘Chronic’ seeds from Serious Seeds
germinated after being soaked in water overnight.
Sweet Purple (Paradise) seedling shows perfect symmetrical
growth. Leaflets will increase from three to
as many as eleven during vegetative growth.
Strong healthy seedling emerges from a Jiffy™ cube.
The sprouted seed was carefully inserted into a hole
with the taproot pointing down.
seed that is planted in the spring will grow
strong and tall through the summer and flower
in the fall, producing more seeds. The annual
cycle starts all over again when the new seeds
sprout the following year. In nature, cannabis
goes through distinct growth stages. The chart
below delineates each stage of growth.
Life Cycle of Cannabis
After 3-7 days of germination, plants enter the
seedling growth stage which lasts about a
month. During the first growth stage the seed
germinates or sprouts, establishes a root system,
and grows a stem and a few leaves.
Germination
During germination moisture, heat, and air activate
hormones (cytokinins, gibberellins, and auxins)
within the durable outer coating of the seed.
Cytokinins signal more cells to form and gib3
Chapter ONE MARIJUNANA HORTICULTURE
This `Marley’s Collie’ (Sensi Seeds) is planted in a 5-
gallon (19L) bucket and was grown in a greenhouse.
MIDDLE: Strong healthy roots are vibrant white.
Feeder roots are fuzzy white. This
rooted clone is ready to transplant.
LEFT: Male pre-flowers (a small nub above the fourth
internode) develop on plants after about four weeks of
vegetative growth.
berellins to increase cell size. The embryo
expands, nourished by a supply of stored food
within the seed. Soon, the seed’s coating splits, a
rootlet grows downward, and a sprout with seed
leaves pushes upwards in search of light.
Seedling Growth
The single root from the seed grows down and
branches out, similar to the way the stem
branches up and out above ground. Tiny
rootlets draw in water and nutrients (chemical
substances needed for life). Roots also serve to
anchor a plant in the growing medium.
Seedling should receive 16-18 hours of light to
maintain strong healthy growth.
Vegetative Growth
Vegetative growth is maintained by giving
plants 16-24 hours of light every day. As the
plant matures, the roots take on specialized
functions. The center and old, mature portions
contain a water transport system and may also
store food. The tips of the roots produce elongating
cells that continue to push farther and farther
into the soil in search of more water and
food. The single-celled root hairs are the parts
of the root that actually absorb water and nutri4
MARIJUANA HORTICULTURE The Indoor/Outdoor MEDICAL GROWER’S BIBLE
This close-up shows female pre-flowers, white pistils
growing from newly formed green calyx. Female preflowers
usually sprout after male pre-flowers.
This large mother plant is growing in a 10-gallon (38 L)
container. She can provide more than a hundred
clones every month.
ents. Without water, frail root hairs will dry up
and die. They are very delicate and are easily
damaged by light, air, and klutzy hands if moved
or exposed. Extreme care must be exercised
during transplanting.
Like the roots, the stem grows through elongation,
also producing new buds along the stem.
The central or terminal bud carries growth
upward; side or lateral buds turn into branches
or leaves. The stem functions by transmitting
water and nutrients from the delicate root hairs
to the growing buds, leaves, and flowers. Sugars
and starches manufactured in the leaves are distributed
through the plant via the stem. This
fluid flow takes place near the surface of the
stem. If the stem is bound too tightly by string
or other tie downs, it will cut the flow of life-giving
fluids, thereby strangling and killing the
plant. The stem also supports the plant with stiff
cellulose, located within the inner walls.
Outdoors, rain and wind push a plant around,
causing much stiff cellulose production to keep
the plant supported upright. Indoors, with no
natural wind or rain present, stiff cellulose production
is minimal, so plants develop weak
stems and may need to be staked up, especially
during flowering.
Once the leaves expand, they start to manufacture
food (carbohydrates). Chlorophyll (the substance
that gives plants their green color) converts
carbon dioxide (CO2) from the air, water,
and light energy into carbohydrates and oxygen.
This process is called photosynthesis. It requires
water drawn up from the roots, through the
stem, into the leaves where it encounters carbon
dioxide. Tiny breathing pores called stomata are
located on the underside of the leaf and funnel
CO2 into contact with the water. In order for
photosynthesis to occur, the leaf’s interior tissue
must be kept moist. The stomata open and
close to regulate the flow of moisture, preventing
dehydration. Marijuana leaves are also protected
from drying out by an outer skin. The
stomata also permit the outflow of water vapor
and waste oxygen. The stomata are very important
to the plant’s well being and must be kept
1. Batatorul de caini
Era un oficial al bisericii carea avea sarcina de a indeparta cainii dintr-o biserica sau din curtea bisericii, ca sa nu deranjeze slujba. Daca animalele latrau, omul insarcinat cu aceasta slujba, inarmat cu un bici si un cleste de mari dimensiuni, din lemn, trebuia sa “se ocupe” de ele.
2. Cel care face rost de cadavre
Cum medicii trebuiau sa invete corpul omenesc si nu puteau face asta mai bine decat pe cadavre, era foarte greu sa faca rost de acestea in conditiile in care era aproape o crima sa “abuzezi” in acest fel de corpul unui decedat. In Anglia veche, furtul de cadavre era doar o infractiune minora, industria celor care subtilizau morti pentru a-i vinde scolilor medicale din Europa a inflorit. Erau furate sicriele din mormintele proaspete.
3. Spalatorul de lana
In Roma antica, cel care spala lana pentru a indeparta grasimile, impuritatile si mizeria era de obicei un sclav. Acestia stateau pana la glezne in recipiente pline cu urina umana, care, continand amoniac, albea si curata lana.
4. Medicul de broaste
Opera in Anglia vestica. Medicina traditionala sustinea ca se poate vindeca o forma de tuberculoza si alte afectiuni, inclusiv cele cauzate de vrajitorie, prin plasarea unei broaste vii, sau a piciorului uneia, intr-un saculet de panza, la gatul bolnavului. Slujba necesita prinderea sau cresterea unui numar mare de broaste, dar si taierea lor.
5. Cautator in minele de argint
Minerii sapau direct cu tarnacoapele si scoteau minereul amestecat cu pamant in saci, iar copii lor erau pusi sa scormoneasca in mormanele de steril cu mainile goale pana gaseau fragmentele infime de argint.
Durata medie de viata pentru copiii pusi sa muncesca in mine era de doar 3 luni de zile de la inceperea acestei activitati.
Mortalitatea era amplificata de gazele otravitoare care sunt asociate locurilor unde se gasesc depozitele de minereu de argint.
6. Colectorul de excremente
In Roma Antica, din cauza canalizarii complicate, stercorariul batea de doua ori pe zi la usa cetatenilor, cu scopul de a colecta intr-o galeata mare, fecalele produse de acestia in ziua respectiva.Stercorariul isi conducea linistit caruta ticsita cu butoaie doldora de excremente spre periferia Romei.
In ciuda indeletnicirii deloc onorabile acum, atunci, multi erau aceia care se inghesuiau pentru o slujba de stercorarius, oferindu-se deseori mite substantiale pentru ocuparea postului.
In Londra, in perioada victoriana, existau asa-zisii “tosher”, cei care se indeletniceau cu curatarea canalelor. Erau familii intregi care coborau in canale, pentru a rascoli gunoaiele in care gaseau deseori lucruri folositoare sau de valoare.
7. Urinatores – scufundator cu vezica slaba
Urinatorii erau, la origine, scufundatori la adancime mare, in apele care scaldau orasul Ostia. Sarcina lor principala era aceea de a cauta materiale rare de constructii.
Datorita faptului ca scufundatul fara echipament modern provoaca o presiune imensa in zona abdomenului, acesti temerari muncitori urinau in mod excesiv, mult mai mult decat ceilalti oameni, de unde li s-a tras si numele.
Meseria era foarte riscanta, dar castigurile financiare se prezentau atat de mari incat multi dintre urinatores deveneau cetateni influenti ai Romei.
8. Ingrijitorul personal pentru atleti
In Grecia Antica, acesta trebuia sa unga cu ulei, sa stearga de transpiratie si murdarie, sa maseze si sa scarpine atletii dupa epuizantele lupte si sesiuni de ridicat greutati.
9. Organizator de… orgii
Ei bine, daca astazi avem organizatori de nunti, de evenimente, in vremuri aproape imemoriale, oamenii priveau orgia ca pe o sarbatoare indelung asteptata, a carei organizare trebuia sa fie ireprosabila.
Maestrul de ceremonii al destrabalarilor trebuia sa se ocupe cu livrarea mancarurilor, femeilor, muzicii si trupelor de saltimbanci si planificatorul trebuia sa depuna eforturi considerabile pentru gasirea si angajarea unor curtezane care, pe langa faptul ca era musai sa arate cat mai bine conform standardelor vremii, trebuiau, in plus, sa nu aiba nici urma de boli venerice.
Mancarea si bauturile trebuiau sa exprime luxul si opulenta, iar saltimbancii si circarii trebuiau sa fie in plina forma fizica, fara intinderi musculare sau accidentari mai vechi, care sa le puna in pericol reprezentatiile.
10. Clovn la inmormantari
Principala obligatie de serviciu a clovnului funerar era aceea de a se imbraca la inmormantari cu hainele decedatului, a-i mima gesturile, mersul si expresiile favorite si a se maimutari in jurul sicriului pentru a starni rasul rudelor indurate. Vechii romanii credeau ca astfel vor impaca spiritul mortului si va readuce mult dorita veselie in lumea celor vii.
11. Prastier
Antrenamentul unui prastier incepea inca din copilarie, cand trebuia sa-si asigure hrana zilnica cu ajutorul prastiei, altfel fiind condamnat sa moara de foame. Era o modalitate de antrenament si perfectionare foarte eficienta, prin care tanarul ajungea un tintas de temut sau murea.
12. Stergator de funduri regale
Datorie la locul de munca era aceea de “a curata anusul regal dupa defecare”, iar in primii ani de domnie ai regelui Henric al VIII-lea, titlul a fost acordat piticului curtii, care facea parte din suita regala si isi petrecea timpul in Private Chamber.
Regii britanici au apelat deseori la pitici care sa-i stearga la fund, dintr-un ciudat motiv de Lejmajestate: in fata unui om de talie normala, regele ar fi trebuit sa se aplece pentru a fi sters.
13. Exorcist
Exorcistul trebuia sa convinga bantuitorii dintr-o persoana sa plece in lumea lor si sa o lase linistita.
14. Analist de flatulatii
Flatulatie este termenul stiintific pentru vanturi. Echipa gastroenterologului Michael Levitt din Minneapolis se ocupa cu inhalarea alaturi de acesta a vanturilor degajate de oameni care si-au dobandit mai mult de jumatate din greutate consumand fasole.
Rolul acestui “experiment” cu totul neplacut este acela de a-si da seama dupa un vant daca persoana respectiva are sau nu un stomac sanatos.
15. Colector de sperma de la animale
Trebuie sa utilizezi un dispozitiv electric pentru a-l introduce in anusul animalului, fie sa manevrezi un vagin artificial pentru a-i face placere animalului in cauza.
16. Curatator de schelete
Principala ta indatorire este aceea de a pregati scheletele si oasele viitoarelor exponate pentru ca atunci cand publicul viziteaza muzeul totul sa fie atent pregatit si ingrijit. Uneori va trebui sa fierbi oase, ceea ce iti dauna plamanilor si pielii, sau chiar sa le cureti intr-o baie de acid, ceea ce nu va fi, de asemenea, prea placut.
17. Taxidermist
Esti specializat in impaierea animalelor vertebrate!
18. Separator de pui
Sarcina principala este separarea puilor in functie de sex, pentru a fi dusi in ferme specializate.
19. Expert in deodorante
Rolul acestuia este de a mirosi subratul mai multor persoane pentru a decide daca deodorantul folosit este eficient sau nu.
20. Detectiv de orice
Este slujba unui barbat din Oklahoma care este platit sa gaseasca tot felul de obiecte neobisnuite pentru diversi oameni, cum ar fi: o pereche de muste imbracate ca mire si mireasa, o bata de baseball semnata de Jim Thorpe in 1933 samd. Numele firmei este Finders Keepers.